Quick History of Pakistan
- 3000 - 1500 BC
Indus Civilization.
- 1700 BC
Aryans invade from Central Asia.
- 516 BC
Northern Pakistan becomes the easternmost province of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia.
- 327 - 325 BC
Alexander the Great invades Pakistan.
- 272 - 236 BC
Mauryan Emperor Ashoka promotes Buddhism.
- 185 BC
Bactrian Greeks conquer northwest Pakistan.
- 75 BC
Arrival of Scythians (Sakas) from Central Asia.
- 20 AD
Parthians conquer northern Pakistan.
- 60 AD
Kushans from Central Asia overthrow the Parthians.
- 3rd Century
Kushans decline and are dominated by the Sassanian Empire of Persia
- 4th Century
kidar (Little) Kushans come to power.
- 445
White Huns invade Gandhara and are converted to Hinduism, possibly as the Rajput warrior caste.
- 565
Sassanians and Turks overthrow Huns.
- Late 6th - 7th Century
turki Shahis control area west of Indus, including Gandhara.
- 711
Mohammad Bin Qasim conquers Sindh and southern Punjab
- 870
Hindu Shahis arrive from Central Asia
- 1001 - 26
Mahmud
of Ghaznavi invades.
Mass conversions to Islam.
- 1034 -1337
Sindh ruled by Sumrahs, a Sindhi tribe
- 1150
Mohammad Ghuri destroys the Kingdome of Mahmud Ghaznavi.
- 1194
Mohammad Ghuri makes Delhi the capital of the empire
- 1206 - 1526 Delhi Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate established by Ilbari
Dynasty
At the time of Muhammd Ghuri's death in 1206
(had no sons), Qutbuddin Aibak was in Lahore, where he assumed the
sovereign . powers as he was elected Sultan by the Amirs.
The assumption of sovereign powers by Qutbuddin Aibak in 1206 is regarded as the foundation of the Sultanate Delhi.
- 1221
The Mongol, Genghiz Khan invades Punjab
- 1290-1320 Khalji Dynasty
Marks the end of the Turks rule.
Among the Khaljis, Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316) reign is known for revenue reforms, market regulations and conquests.
- 1320-1412 Tuqhluq Dynasty
Tuqhluq were from 'Qarauna Turk' tribe.
Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughluq Shah (Ghazi Malik)
founder of third dynasty of the Sultanate.
Among the Tughluq dynastry, Mohammad Tughluq
and Firuz Tughluq are most popular.
- 1337
Sammah Rajputs overthrow the Sumrahs in Sindh
- 1398-9
Tamerlane invades from Central Asia
- 1414-51 The Saiyids
Khizr Khan was the founder of the Saiyid
dynasty.
Alauddin Alam Shah was the last ruler.
- 1451-1526 The Lodhis
Lodhis were Afghans
Bahlol Lodhi was the founder of this
dynasty.
The last Lodhi Sultan, Ibrahim Ladhi (1517-26) was killed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat.
- 1526
The Sultanate of Delhi ended.
Babur defeats the Lodis, the last of the
Delhi sultans, and establishes the Mughal Empire.
Tarkhans capture power in Sindh.
- 1524
Babur, first Mughal emperor, rais
Punjab
Sindh conquered by Shah Beg Arghun from
Kandahar. Amir Chakar Rind unites Balochi tribes and
defeats Sammahs.
- 1527 - 1857 The Mughal Empire
Zahiruddin Mohammad Babur son of Umar Shaikh
Mirza,first Mughal Emeror (1526-30) and founder of the Mughal
empire in India.
March 16 -- A decisive battle took place with
Rana Songa of Mewar, a powerful Rajput prince.
Babur's autobiography Tuzuk-i-Bauri (Babur
Namah) written in Turki.
- 1530
December 26 -- Babur died in Agra.
Humyun become the Mughal emperor.
Humayun reign 1530, 40, 1555-6.
- 1540
Suri Dynasty (1540-55)
Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the
battles of Chausa and Kanauj and became the emperor.
Humayun is forced into exile in Persia by
Sher Shah Suri.
- 1545
Death of Sher Shah Suri.
- 1555
Humayun regains empire.
- 1556
Akbar, son of Humayun, is emperor
(1556-1605)
Humayun died after falling from his library
(Sher Mandil) stairs.
Thirteen years old Humayun's son Akbar
becomes the emperor.
Akbar is famous for his liberal policies
especially towards non-Muslims.
Akbar contributed greatly in Indian music.
Tansen was the most accomplished musician of that days.
- 1527
Jahangir is emperor (1605-27)
After Akbar, his son Salim becomes emperor. Salim
took the title of Jehagir (Conqueror of the world).
Jehangir's reign consider be the peak of
Mughal rule (and his son's reign).
- 1528
Sha Jahan is emperor (1627-59)
After Jehangir, his son Khurram becomes the
empror of Mughal emperor. Khurram took the title of Shah Jehan (Emperor of the
World)
The Mughal Empire was at its zenith during
Shah Jehan's rule.
- 1583
Queen Elizabeth I dispatched the ship Tyger to the sub-continent to exploit opportunities for trade.
- 1614
The British East India Company opens its first office in Bombay.
- 1658
Aurangzeb Alamgir is emperor
(1658-1707).
Sikhs organize as a warrior sect.
- 1707
Aurangzeb Alamgir died.
His death regards as the beginning of the end
of Mughal empires.
Aurangzeb Alamgir's son bahadur Shah Zafar
becomes the last emperor of Mughal dynastry.
- 1736
Founding of Kalhora Dynasty in Sindh
- 1739
Nadir Shah of Persia invades the subcontinent.
- 1747-73
Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Kingdom of Afghanistan and acquires Indus territories, Punjab and Kashmir.
- 1757
The battle of Plassey is considered a major breakthrough for the Britishers in the Subcontinent.
- 1707 - 1762
Shah wali Ullah's Reform Movement.
- 1760-1830
Sikhs become dominate force in Pubjab.
- 1789
Talpur Balochis overthrow Kalhora Dynazty in Sindh
- 1799-1839
Ranjit Singh rules Punjab from Lahore.
- 1830
Faraizi Movement (1830-57)
- 1843
British annex Sindh.
First British-Afghan War
- 1845-6
First British-Sikh War
- 1848-9
The British defeat the Sikhs in Second Sikh War, annex Punjab and NWFP
- 1857
First War of Independence (Mutiny)
- 1858
British government assumes direct rule of
British East India Company lands, establishes British Raj
Aligarh Movement (1858-98)
- 1866
Deoband Movement (1866-1947)
- 1884
Anjuman Himayat-i-Islam, Lahore (1884-1947)
- 1885
Establishment of Indian National Congress
- 1887
All districts of Balochistan in British hands
- 1889
British establish Gilgit Agency
- 1891
British conquer Hunza and Nagar
- 1894
Nadva-tul-'Ulama of Lucknow (1894-1947)
- 1906
December 30 -- The annual meeting of Mohammadan Educational Conference held at Dacca under the chairmanship of Nawab Viqar. . All India Muslim League founded as forum for Indian Muslim separatism
- 1916
The Lucknow Pact
- 1919
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)
- 1930
Mohammad Iqbal proposes creation of separate Muslim state
- 1940
Lahore Resolution, which endorses idea of separate nation for India's Muslims, to be called Pakistan.
- 1947
June 3 -- the British Government accepted the
idea of partition of India.
July 18 -- The British Parliament passes the
Indian Independence Act.
July 19 -- Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan
(1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister.
August 14 -- Birth
of Pakistan, consisting of East Bengal, a part of Assam (Sylhet), West
Punjab, Sind, NWFP and Baluchistan.
Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence
Act, 1947, the Government of India Act, 1935 becomes constitution of Pakistan.
August 15 -- Quid-e-Azam
Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) of Muslim League becomes first
governor-general
Liaquat Ali Khan(1895- 1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister of the new nation.
- 1948
September 11 -- Quid-e-Azam Dies
and Kashmir Crisis Starts.
September 14 -- Cheif Minister of
Bengal Khwaja
Nazimuddin (1894-1964) of Muslim League becomes second
governor-general.
The first war with India over Kashmir
- 1949
March 12 -- Objectives Resolution passes moved by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.
- 1951
October 16 -- Liaquat
Ali Khan assassinated in Rawalpindi.
October 17 -- Finance Minister Ghulam
Mohammad (1895-1956) of Muslim League becomes the third Governor
General.
Governor General Khawaja
Nazimuddin of Muslim League becomes second Prime Minister.
- 1952
December 22 -- The second draft of the Basic Principle Committee presents to the Constituent Assembly.
- 1953
April 17 -- Malik Ghulam Mohammad dismisses
the Khawaja Nazimuddin.
(Important note: This is this act of Ghulam
Mohammad that sets an unhealthy tradition and precedent in Pakistan of
Presidents , removing ELECTED governments. This tradition is later carried on by
various Presidents creating a continuous instability in the , Pakistan
April 17 -- A not well-known leader of East
Pakistan Mohammad
Ali Bogra (1909-1963 ) of Muslim League, who was then Pakistani
Ambassador to United State, becomes third Prime Minister.
- 1954
May 1954 -- Governor General Ghulam Mohammad appointed Iskander Mirza (1899-1969) as Governor of East Pakistan. , In order to established the peace in East Pakistan, the first step he took as Governor was to order the arrest of 319 persons, including Mujib al Rahman and Yusuf Ali Choudhury. By mid June, the number of persons arrested had reached 1051, including 33 assembly members and two Dhaka University Professors. So, in a way Iskander Mirza had sown a permanent seed of hatred for the Central government in the hearts of East Pakistani people.
October 24 -- Malik
Ghulam Mohammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly of Mohammad
Ali Bogra and declares a state of emergency.
Pakistan signed an agreement with the U.S.
saying that US will come to Pakistan's aid in a time of war.
- 1955
August 11 -- Bogra resigns and Chaudhary
Mohammad Ali (1905-1963) of Muslim League becomes appointed forth
Prime Minister.
October 6 -- Governor-General Ghulam
Mohammad resigns.
October 6 -- Iskander
Mirza (1899-1969) of Military becomes the fourth and last Governor General.
- 1956
March 23 -- Constitution take on and
proclaims Pakistan an Islamic republic. The Constitution consisted of 234
articles, which divided into 13 parts and 6 schedules. The National Assembly
(the only house of the parliament) was consists of 300 members. The 300 hundred
National , Assembly seats were equally divided between West Pakistan and East
Pakistan (the concept of one unit was there in constitution.).
March 23 -- Iskander
Mirza of Republican Party becomes first president.
September 12 -- Chaudhry Mohammad Ali resigns
and after the adoption of the constitution, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
(1893-1963) of , Awami League becomes the fifth Prime Minister.
- 1957
October 17 -- Suhrawardy resigns, due
to President's refusal to convene a meeting of the parliament to seek a vote of
confidence.
October 17 -- The Law Minister in the Federal
Cabinetof Muslim League becomes sixth Prime Minister.
December 11 -- I. I. Chundrigar was Forced to
resign since he failed to maintain the support of his coalition partners and
thus becomes , the only Prime Minister of Pakistan for less than two months.
December 16 -- Malik
Feroze Khan Noon (1893-1970) of Republican Party takes over the office
of Prime Minister and becomes the, seventh prime minister.
- 1958
October 27 -- Iskander Mirza's Presidency ends and sent into exile.
October 27 -- Gen. (Mohammad Ayub Khan) of Military assumes presidency and becomes second president.
October 28 -- Ayub Khan resigns from prime ministership.
- 1962
Constitution Adopted (second time).
Gen. Mohammad
Ayub Khan of Military becomes president.
- 1965
August -- Second war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir
- 1966
January 10 -- Gen
Ayub Khan and Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri signed the
cease-fire agreement in Tashkent,USSR.
The cease-fire agreement led to the resigning
of Zulfiqar
Ali Bhutto, Ayub Khan's talented Minister of Foreign Affairs.
- 1969
March 25 -- Ayub Khan handed his place over
to Agha
Mohammad Yahya Khan (1907-1980), who promised return to civilian rule.
He is the first chief martial law administrator (March 25, 1969 through March
31, 1969).
Martial law declared by military chief Agha
Mohammad Yahya Khan.
March 25 -- Gen. Agha
Mohammad Yahya Khan of Military takes over and becomes the third
president.
March 27 -- Gen
Ayub Khan resigns from office of Prime Minister.
- 1970
First general elections. , Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Awami League acquires absolute majority in new National Assembly.
West Pakistan-dominated government headed by military chief Yahya Khan Declines to assemble assembly.
- 1971
East Pakistan attempts to break away.
Civil war begins in East Pakistan.
East Pakistan declares itself independent
nation and becomes Bangladesh.
India intervenes on behalf of Bengali
separatists.
Pakistani military surrenders to Indian armed
forces.
December 7 -- Nurul Amin (1893-1974) of
Pakistan People's Party becomes ninth prime minister.
December 20 -- Nurul Amin resigns.
December 20 -- President
(military chief) Yahya Khan resigns.
December 20 -- Zulfiqar
Ali Bhutto (1928-1979) of Pakistan Peoples Party becomes fourth
president of Pakistan.
- 1972
President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi sign Simla agreement that adjusts cease-fire line between Pakistan , and India and creates new Line of Control.
- 1973
New constitution goes into effect (Third
time).
August 13 -- Zulfiqar
Ali Bhutto resigns from presidency.
August 14 -- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan
People's Party becomes tenth prime minister.
August 14 -- Fazal
Elahi Chaudhry (1904-1982) of Pakistan People's Party becomes fifth
President.
- 1974
May - India tests its first nuclear device at
nation's nuclear testing grounds near Pokhran in southeastern
India.
Prime Minister Z. A. Bhutto's government
begins nuclear program.
- 1976
Diplomatic ties established between Pakistan and Bangladesh.
- 1977
Riots erupt over allegations of rigging of
general election by Pakistan Peoples Party.
Gen.
Mohammad Zia ul-Haq (1924-1988) of Military declares martial
law.
July 5 -- Gen. Zia ul-Haq of Military becomes
eleventh prime minister.
- 1978
September 16 -- President Fazal
Elahi Chaudhry resigns
September 16 -- Gen.
Zia ul-Haq of Military becomes sixth president.
- 1979
Islamic penal code introduced.
Gen.
and president Zia ul-Haq of Military hangs First elected Prime
Minister of Pakistan Z. A. Bhutto.
- 1980
United State pledges military assistance following Soviet Union intervention in Afghanistan.
- 1983
Gen. and president Zia announces that he will lift the martial law but military will retain the key role in future governments.
- 1985
Martial law and ban on political parties
lifted.
General elections held under military
rule.
Controversial eighth Amendment is
passes.
March 24 -- Military chief Zia-ul Haq resigns
from prime ministership and Mohammad
Khan Junejo (1932-1993) of Pakistan Muslim League , become twelfth prime
minister. Gen.
Zia ul-Haq of Military President.
- 1986
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's daughter Benazir Bhotto (born: 1953) returns from exile to lead PPP in campaign for elections.
- 1988
May 29 -- Military
chief (president) Zia dismisses Prime
Minister Mohammad Khan Junejo's government.
June 9 -- Gen. and president Zia becomes
thirteenth prime minister.
Military
chief , president and prime minister Zia orders new
elections.
August 17 -- Military chief ,president and
prime minister Zia, the US ambassador and top Pakistan army officials die in
mysterious plane crash.
August 17 -- Ghulam Ishaq Khan (born: 1915)
becomes seventh President. (Acting president to Dec. 12, 1988.)
Benazir Bhotto's Pakistan People's Party wins
November general election.
Benazir
Bhutto, the eldest child of Prime Minister Zulfiqar
Ali Bhutto sworn in as first woman Prime Minister of a Muslim nation.She becomes fourteenth prime minister.
December 14 -- Ghulam
Ishaq Khan Khan becomes seventh President.
- 1989
May -- India test fires its Agni missile, ballistic missile that can be able to deliver a nuclear warhead to any target in Pakistan or southern China.
- 1990
August 6 -- Benazir Bhutto's government
dismissed on charges of incompetence and corruption.
August 6 -- Ghulam
Mustafa Jatoi (born: 1931) of National People's Party becomes
fifteenth Prime Minister (caretaker).
In National election, Benazir
Bhutto's PPP lost to coalition of rightist parties.
November 6 -- Jotoi resigns and Mian
Nawaz Sharif (born: 1949) of Pakistan Muslim League becomes sixteenth prime - minister.
- 1991
Islamic Shariah law formally incorporated into legal code.
- 1992
Nawaz Sharif's government launches campaign to stamp out violence by supporter of Mohajir Quami Movement (MQM).
- 1993
April 19 -- President
Ishaq Khan dissolves the National and Provincial Assemblies.
April 18 -- Ishaq Khan selects Mir
Balakh Sher Mazari of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz group) as the
seventeenth Prime Minister
May 26 -- Mazari’s tenure as a caretaker
Prime Minister ended in May, when the Supreme Court of Pakistan invalidates the
presidential on May 26 and reinstated Mian
Mohammad Nawaz Sharif as the Prime Minister. Nawaz Sharif becomes
eighteenth prime minister.
July 18 -- the President, Ghulam Ishaq
and the Prime Minister, Mian Nawaz Sharif both resign under pressure from
military, thus dissolving , all the Central and provincial Assemblies.
July 18 -- Wasim Sajjad (born: 1941) of
Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz Group) selected as eight President (interim).
July 18 -- Moin
Qureshi (born: 1930)selected as nineteenth Prime Minister
(caretaker).
On October 6th and 9th General Elections were
held.
Octorber 19 -- Benazir
Bhutto (born: 1953) wins slim margin and took oath as Prime Minister.
She becomes twenth prime minister.
On November 13, Presidential election was
held.
Sardar
Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari (born: 1940) of Pakistan People's Party
candidate won by 274 to 168 votes against, the then acting President Wasim
Sajjad.
November 14 -- Wasim Sajjad resign and Farooq
Ahmed Khan Leghari of Pakistan Peoples Party elected as eighth President.
- 1996
November 5 -- President
Farooq Leghari dismisses Benazir
Bhutto accuses her government of corruption and nepotism under the
Article , 58(2) b of the Eighth Amendment.
November 5 -- Miraj Khalid (born: 1916)
becomes twenty first prime minister (caretaker).
- 1997
Queen Elizabeth II visits Pakistan on 50th Anniversary of its Independence. Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, right, meets
Britain's Queen Elizabeth
II at the presidential palace in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Malik
Meraj Khalid selected as Caretaker Prime Minister.
On February, National elections held.
February 17 -- Mian
Mohammad Nawaz Sharif becomes twenty second Prime Minister.
February 18 -- Nawaz Sharif obtained a
vote of confidence from the National Assembly on February 18.
Controversial Eighth Amendment is repealed,
which empowered the president to dismiss the prime ministers.
Passing Thirteenth Am Amendment and the
Ehtesab Act, 1997.
December 2 --Because of constitutional
crisis, President
Farooq Leghari resigned on December 2.
December 2 -- Wasim Sajjad of PML-N becomes
tenth President (interim) (second time).
- 1998
January 1 -- Wasim Sajjad resigns
and Mohammad
Rafiq Tarar (born: 1929) of PML-N becomes eleventh
President.
May 28-29 -- Pakistan carried out its nuclear
tests in response to Indian detonation of its three nuclear devices and becomes
a Nuclear Power.
Nawaz
Sharif's government proclaims an emergency on May 28, because of this,
all fundamental rights of Pakistani people were suspended and all the foreign
currency accounts in Pakistani banks were frozen.
A Ghauri missile (a modified SCVD ballistic
missile similar to India's Agni ballistic missile).
Nawaz
Sharif introduces the Fifteen Amendment on October 9.
The Fifteen Amendment, which is an effort
by Sharif
to acquire more powers, soon brought him into serious confrontation with
military. . This confrontation led to the resignation of General
Jehangir Karamat on October 7.
Mohammad
Rafiq Tarar (born: 1929) becomes an eleventh President.
- 1999
Feburary 20 -- Indian prime Minister Vajayeee
visits Pakistan.
In April, Benazir Bhutto and her husband
convicted of corruption and given jail sentences.
April 11 -- India test an upgraded version of
Agni missile on Wheeler Island in the Bay of Bengal.
The Kargil Offensive.
The Kargil crisis in its aftermath led to
tense relationship between Nawaz Sharif and the military. . It was this tense
relationship, which culminated in the removal of the Nawaz government by
successor of General
Karamat (Musharraf ).
October 12 -- Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif overthrown in military coup led by military chief Pervez Musharraf
(born: 1943), thus Military , Comes to Power Again.
Pakistan is suspended from Commonweath due to
widely condemned military coup.
October 12 -- military
chief Musharraf becomes the Chief Executive of Pakistan.
October 14 -- military chief and chief
executive becomes twenty third prime minister.
- 2000
In April, Nawaz Sharif sentenced to life
imprisonment on hijacking and terrorism charges.
In December, Nawaz Sharif goes into exile in
Saudi Arabia after being pardoned by military authorities.
- 2001
Agra Summit.
US Military invasion in Afghanistan.
June 20 -- Gen. Pervez
Musharraf (born: 1943) of Military dissolved the parliament as a
result the figurehead president, Rafiq Tarar vacated his position. Later in the
day Gen Pervez Musharraf names himself president while remaining head of the
military. He becomes twelfth the President.
US Military invasion in Afghanistan.
July, Gen Musharraf meets Indian Prime
Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee in Agra summit. Talks fails (not even a joint
statement).September - Pakistan cut its diplomatic
relation with the Taliban and becomes a major ally to U.S. campaign against the
Taliban and al-Qaida.
US lifts some sanctions imposed after
Pakistan's nuclear tests, but retains those imposed after Musharraf's coup.
- 2002
Musharaf
assumed the title of Chief Executive.
The referendum took place on April 30, 2002, with
no competition and no option but to vote for General Musharraf.
Legal Framework Order of 2002
General Elections held in 2002
Zafarullah Khan Jamali Becomes Prime Minister
[2002] - 2003
Seventeenth Amendment took place
Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain Becomes Prime Minister
[2004]
Shaukat Aziz Becomes Prime Minister [2004]
- 2004
Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain Becomes Prime Minister
[2004]
Shaukat Aziz Becomes Prime Minister [2004]
- 2007
July 10 2007; Operation Silence, against Lal masjid militants started in Islamabad.
November 28 2007, Musharaf resigned and Kayani became Chief of Army Staff
- 2010 Many coalitions become active and perished. Common man of the country is struggling hard for its survival.
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History of Thandiani
Thandiani means “cold” in their local language. Therefore being a cool place it got the name of “Thandiani”. It is 2,700 meters above sea level, on a small plateau surrounded by pine forests. This beautiful spot can easily be approached from Abbottabad, and is 31 KM from main Abbottabad city at the foothills of Himalaya, and 25 KM from Thandiani-Nathiagali crossing. Abbottabad is noted for its verdant parks, gardens, golf course and pine covered hills.
To the northwest are snowy ranges of Swat and Chitral. The hills of Thandiani are about 9,000 feet (2,750 m) above sea level. The road rises more than 1,219 meters above Abbottabad. The major place on the way is Kalapani at 23 KM from Abbottabad. It has a beautiful local Dak bungalow. Most of the people of residing here belong to Qureshi, Gujjars, and Sardars (Karlals). The nearest villages are Inderseri, Chattri, Sialkot, Basali, Kotla,Dheri and Hulla
To find more information about Abbotabad follow the link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbottabad
Or
visit another wikipedia link for reading a article on Thandiani: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thandiani